An Intelligent Handoff Algorithm for Cellular Networks

In this study, an intelligent multi-criteria handoff algorithm that allowed for the selection of the optimal network segment based on a variety of parameters was designed and analyzed. The suburban area environment was taken into consideration in this study. The four input parameters that have been taken into account are the BTS traffic load, RSS, Path-Loss, and SNR. The general architecture of the suggested algorithm consists of the inputs, fuzzy inference engine, fuzzy rule base, de-fuzzifier, and fuzzifier. The handoff decision was used to determine whether or not handoff is the output of the fuzzy inference system. The handoff decision was the only output parameter of the FIS. The suggested algorithm takes a range of -50dBm to -100dBm for RSS, 50dB to 140dB for path-loss, and 50dB to 50dB for SNR, from lowest to highest. The traffic load on the BTS spans from 0% to 100%. The results showed that the probability of the required handoff was lowest when all the parameters are excellent. On the other hand, the probability of a handoff is maximum when all the parameters are at their worst. Also from the results, it was seen that the handoff index progressively rises as path loss increases, meaning that a MS with a higher path loss has a higher chance of being handed off than one with a lower path loss. In the event that the path-loss is becoming worse, a handoff must occur even if the remaining parameters are sufficient to continue a call. This will guarantee that calls won't be dropped as a result of the RSS degradation. It implies that in the event that the current serving BTS is failing, a mobile station would switch over to the target.