International Journal of Innovative Engineering, Technology & Science (IJIETS)
Research Article

REBOUND-HAMMER ASSESSMENT OF CONCRETE CURED IN SALINE AND BOREHOLE WATER

PUBLISHED
Published: October 30, 2026 Vol/Issue: Volume 10, Issue 2 Pages: 295-309 Language: EN
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International Journal of Innovative Engineering, Technology & Science (IJIETS)
International Journal of Innovative Engineering, Technology & Science
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

Summary

Saline water is readily available in coastal communities, yet evidence on its suitability for curing concrete remains limited. This study reanalysed rebound-hammer measurements on 150 mm concrete cubes produced with a nominal 1:2:4 mix and a water–cement ratio of 0.60 and cured in borehole water from Otuoke and saline water from Korokorosei, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Rebound numbers were recorded at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Specimen means were recalculated from the individual readings, and the two-curing media were compared using Welch tests with Holm correction, Hedges’ g, exact permutation tests, a split-plot analysis of variance and a logarithmic age model. Rebound number increased with age in both media. The saline group was about 13% higher at 7 days, but the difference remained below 2.5% at later ages, and no age-specific difference was significant after correction. Curing age accounted for most of the variation, whereas the interaction between curing medium and age was not statistically significant. An apparent decline in hammer-derived strength at 21 days was traced to an arithmetic error in the computation of the group mean. The findings are constrained by the small number of specimens per group, uncertain independence between specimens across ages, the absence of water-chemistry data and undocumented hammer calibration. The results indicate an early difference in surface hardness but provide no evidence of equivalent compressive strength, durability performance or a confirmed curing-medium effect.

Index Terms

Saline water borehole water concrete curing rebound hammer surface hardness non-destructive testing

How to cite this article

Authors: Iorshagher, A. S., Jagba, A. S.
Volume/Issue: Volume 10, Issue 2
Pages: 295-309
Published: October 30, 2026
Affiliations: Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
Iorshagher, A. S., Jagba, A. S. (2026). REBOUND-HAMMER ASSESSMENT OF CONCRETE CURED IN SALINE AND BOREHOLE WATER. International Journal of Innovative Engineering, Technology & Science (IJIETS), Volume 10, Issue 2, 295-309.
Iorshagher, A. S., Jagba, A. S.. "REBOUND-HAMMER ASSESSMENT OF CONCRETE CURED IN SALINE AND BOREHOLE WATER." International Journal of Innovative Engineering, Technology & Science (IJIETS), vol. Volume 10, Issue 2, 2026, pp. 295-309.
Iorshagher, A. S., Jagba, A. S.. "REBOUND-HAMMER ASSESSMENT OF CONCRETE CURED IN SALINE AND BOREHOLE WATER." International Journal of Innovative Engineering, Technology & Science (IJIETS) Volume 10, Issue 2 (2026): 295-309.
@article{reboundhammerassessmentofconcretecuredinsalineandboreholewater2026, author = {Iorshagher, A. S. and Jagba, A. S.}, title = {REBOUND-HAMMER ASSESSMENT OF CONCRETE CURED IN SALINE AND BOREHOLE WATER}, journal = {International Journal of Innovative Engineering, Technology & Science (IJIETS)}, year = {2026}, volume = {Volume 10, Issue 2}, pages = {295-309} }

  • Published: October 30, 2026
  • Volume/Issue: Volume 10, Issue 2
  • Pages: 295-309

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